The very nature of the physical environment leads to complications
in the conduct of environmental epidemiological studies relative to
classical infectious disease epidemiology. Exposures associated with
the physical environment are both numerous and highly complex in nature.
However, it is most often the case that more than one agent exists,
or indeed more than one pathway of exposure exists for a given agent,
e.g. in the case of a chemical agent exposure could be by inhalation,
through dermal contact, or by ingestion. In addition, environmental
agents, by nature, may often tend to be highly ubiquitous in nature
and this, coupled with the number of environments and microclimates
to which an individual is exposed in a typical day, lead to very complex
patterns of exposure. Environmental epidemiology underpins much of the
work conducted by HPS.
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